2022 Bar Exam
Political Law
Follows Bar Exam Syllabus.
Click on the topics or sections to get started.
Access depends on your membership plan.
2 - General Principles
A. Definition, characteristics and purpose of taxation
B. Power of taxation as distinguished from police power and eminent domain
C. Scope and limitations of taxation
D. Requisites of a valid tax
E. Tax as distinguished from other forms of exactions
F. Kinds of taxes
G. Doctrines in taxation
3 - Legislative Department
A. Legislative Power
B. Houses of Congress; compositions and qualifications
C. Legislative privileges, inhibitions, and qualifications
D. Quorum and voting majorities
E. Discipline of members
F. Process of law-making
G. Appropriation and re-alignment
H. Legislative inquiries and oversight functions
I. Power of impeachment
J. Electoral tribunals and the Commission on Appointments
K. Initiative and referendum
4 - Executive Department
A. Qualifications, election, and term of the President and Vice President
B. Privileges, inhibitions, and disqualifications
C. Powers of the President
D. Power of control and supervision
E. Emergency powers
F. Military powers
G. Executive clemency
H. Diplomatic power
I. Powers relative to appropriation measures
J. Rules of succession
7 - Bill of Rights
A. Due process
B. Equal protection
C. Arrests, Searches and seizures
D. Privacy of communications and correspondence
E. Freedom of speech and expression
F. Freedom of religion
G. Liberty of abode and right to travel
H. Right to information
I. Eminent Domain
J. Right to Association
K. Non-impairment of contracts
L. Free access to courts and adequate legal assistance
M. Rights under custodial investigation
N. Rights of the accused
O. Right to speedy trial and speedy disposition of cases
P. Right against self-incrimination
Q. Right against double jeopardy
R. Right against involuntary servitude
S. Right against excessive fines, and cruel and inhuman punishments
T. Non-Imprisonment for Debts
U. Ex post facto laws and bills of attainder
V. Writs of habeas corpus, kalikasan, habeas data, and amparo
8 - Citizenship
A. Who are Filipino citizens
B. Modes of acquiring citizenship
C. Loss and re-acquisition of Philippine citizenship
D. Dual citizenship and dual allegiance
9 - Law on Public Officers
A. General principles
B. Kinds of appointment
C. Disabilities and inhibitions of public officers
D. Powers and duties of public officers
E. De facto vs de jure officers
F. The Civil Service
G. Accountability of public officers
10 - Administrative Law
A. General principles
B. Powers of administrative agencies
C. Doctrines of primary jurisdiction and exhaustion of administrative remedies
11 - Election Law
A. Suffrage
B. Candidacy
C. Campaign
D. Remedies and jurisdiction
12 - Local Governments
A. Principles of local autonomy
B. Autonomous regions and their relation to the national government
C. Local government units
D. Local Taxation
13 - National Economy...
A. Regalian doctrine
B. Exploration, development and utilization of natural resources C. Franchises, Authority and Certificates for Public Utilities D. Acquisition, Ownership and Transfer of Public and Private Lands
E. Practice of Professions
F. Organization and Regulation of Corporations, Private and Public
G. Monopolies, Restraint of Trade and Unfair Competition
14 - Social Justice...
A. Concept of social justice
B. Economic, social, and cultural rights
C. Commission on Human Rights
15 - Amendments or Revisions...
Procedure to amend or revise the Constitution
16 - Education, Science...
A. Academic freedom
B. Constitutional tax exemptions for certain educational
institutions
17 - Public International Law
A. Concepts
B. Relationship between international and national law
C. Sources of obligations in international law
D. Subjects
E. Requisites of Statehood
F. Jurisdiction of states
F. General principles of treaty law
G. Doctrine of state responsibility
H. Refugees
I. Extradition
J. Basic principles of International Human Rights Law
K. Basic principles of International Humanitarian Law
L. Law of the sea
M. Basic principles of International Environmental Law
Political Law
Suggested Answers to Previous Bar Exams
Click on a question to get started.
